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- Caffeine has four identifiable actions in vitro, but the relationship
- between these actions and the drugs effects in vivo are not well
- established. In ascending order of dose response (i.e. from most
- sensitive to least sensitive) these are:
- 1. Adenosine receptor blockade, as you have already mentioned
- 2. Phosphodiesterase inhibition - this enzyme is responsible for the
- breakdown of cAMP and therefore this action of the methylxanthines leads
- to increased cAMP 2nd messenger functions.
- 3. Action at Ca++ channels to increase entry of Ca++ into cells and to
- decrease sarcolemma sequestration of Ca++. This may be related to the
- weak positive inotropic effect of the se drug at high dose rates
- (together with increased cAMP dep protein kinase activity due to number
- 2?)
- 4. Binding to GABA receptors at the benzodiazepine site (query clinical
- relevance because of high KD).
-
- Ted Whittem (whittem@massey.ac.nz)
-
- ===========================================================================
-
- >Caffeine has four identifiable actions in vitro, but the relationship
- >between these actions and the drugs effects in vivo are not well
- >established. In ascending order of dose response (i.e. from most
- >sensitive to least sensitive) these are:
- >1. Adenosine receptor blockade, as you have already mentioned
-
- This is the important one. Tolerance to caffeine is associated
- with increased adenosine receptor activity and a shifting of
- A1 receptors to the high affinity state (and a decrease of beta-adrenergic
- activity).
-
- >2. Phosphodiesterase inhibition - this enzyme is responsible for the
- >breakdown of cAMP and therefore this action of the methylxanthines leads
- >to increased cAMP 2nd messenger functions.
-
- From what I understand, caffeine doesn't reach high enough serum
- levels to significantly inhibit phosphodiesterase in people.
-
- >3. Action at Ca++ channels to increase entry of Ca++ into cells and to
- >decrease sarcolemma sequestration of Ca++. This may be related to the
- >weak positive inotropic effect of the se drug at high dose rates
- >(together with increased cAMP dep protein kinase activity due to number
- >2?)
- >4. Binding to GABA receptors at the benzodiazepine site (query clinical
- >relevance because of high KD).
-
- Don't think this is clinically relevant.
-
- >Ted Whittem
-
- --M@
-